What is the transmission route of bovine papilloma disease? How to treat?
Bovine papilloma disease is a neoplastic infectious disease caused by bovine papilloma virus, with papilloma formed on the skin and mucous membranes as the main symptoms. The main transmission routes of this disease are sick cattle and pollutants. In mild cases, it can resolve spontaneously. In severe cases, surgery can be performed.
What is the transmission route of bovine papilloma disease?
It can be transmitted through sick cattle and contaminated equipment.
Cattle of different ages, sexes and breeds can be affected. However, cattle between 3 months and 2 years of age are prone to disease. Beef cattle have a higher incidence than dairy cattle, and captive cattle have a higher incidence than grazing cattle. The disease has no obvious seasonality and is mostly sporadic. Sick cows are the main source of infection and can be transmitted through direct contact. For example, sick cows (with tumors in their breasts) infect calves through breastfeeding (tumors are mostly distributed in the mouth, face, nasolabial mirror), genital diseases Bulls with tumors infect the cows through mating and cause vaginitis. It can also be spread indirectly through contaminated reins, nose twisters and other utensils and objects. Environmental factors have a synergistic effect on the occurrence of this disease.
What are the symptoms of bovine papillomatosis?
Sick cows generally have no obvious symptoms, but tumors in the esophagus or digestive tract can cause loss of appetite. Papilloma that occurs in the bladder is prone to cancer and can lead to chronic endemic hematuria. Papilloma that occurs on the body surface can rupture and bleed due to friction.
Different types of viruses can cause different types of papilloma in different parts, but they are all benign tumors, commonly found on the neck, jaw, shoulder, lower abdomen, back, ears, eyelids, lips, foreskin, breasts and other skin and Mucosa in the esophagus, bladder, vagina, etc. The eye view of the tumor is spherical, oval, nodular, lobulated, villiform or cauliflower-like, and varies in size and number. It is gray-white, black, gray-brown, and firm to the touch. In the early stage of onset, the tumor is unevenly distributed round, smooth and protruding gray nodules, ranging from sorghum rice grains to pea-sized, and then gradually increase, the color darkens to brown or dark brown, the surface is rough, keratinized, and the size is formed Papillary or cauliflower head-shaped lumps with unequal and irregular shapes, up to 4×10cm2.
According to histological characteristics, papilloma can be divided into two types: skin papilloma and genital fibropapilloma.
Skin papillary carcinoma often occurs in the skin and skin-type mucous membranes (such as the esophagus). The epithelium and subepithelial connective tissue proliferate at the same time as papillary protrusions, but epithelial hyperplasia is dominant. Hyperkeratosis or hypokeratosis of the hyperplastic epithelial surface. The spinous cell layer thickens, and the spinous cells lose tension fibrils and vacuolize. Basophilic nuclear inclusions can be seen in the granulosa cell layer (uncommon in natural cases). Papilloma is often composed of many villi-like protrusions, each protrusion has an axis composed of connective tissue, containing blood vessels, lymphatic vessels and nerves.
Genital fibrous papillary carcinoma often occurs in the penis or cow's vaginal mucosa. It is characterized by obvious hyperplasia of connective tissue components, and only mild hyperplasia of the epidermis covering it. Therefore, the tumor tissue is dominated by fibroblasts, which form intertwined fibroblast sacs or spirally and irregularly arranged. Sometimes eosinophilic inclusion-like structures can be seen in the nucleus of tumor cells. In the pre-tumor stage, many mitotic figures can be seen easily misdiagnosed as fibrosarcoma. There are local ulcers on the surface of the tumor, and the lower neutrophils increase significantly. The proliferating epithelial cells form finger nails and protrude into the tumor tissue, and the epithelial cells are not keratinized.
How is bovine papillomatosis treated?
1. In case of illness, isolate and disinfect thoroughly.
2. The incubation period is 1 to 4 months. The disease is a self-limiting disease and usually resolves spontaneously after 1 to 12 months.
3. There is no specific treatment for this disease. Papilloma that occurs on the body surface is usually surgically removed, and iodine tincture is applied to the wound after the operation.
4. Rehabilitation cattle are immune to re-infection of the same virus.
5. Strengthen feeding management to prevent trauma.
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